Word learning scores by the four dimensions of knowledge of the form-meaning relationship (Maximum = 15).

Note. Ns in parentheses are for individuals. All correlations are significant at p <.001 Phenotypic Correlations for all Grades of Reading Comprehension.

Cross-sectional associations between measures of cognitive functions, motor skills and exercise capacity respectively, and academic performance.

Note. Ns are for individuals. *p <.05; 95% confidence intervals are in brackets. Descriptive Statistics, Intraclass Correlations, and Univariate Genetic (a²), Shared...

Post-hoc analyses of the four conditions on the four dimensions of incidental vocabulary learning.

A list of target words.

Note. Correlations above the diagonal were for grade 4, and correlations below the diagonal were for grade 3. IQ = Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (raw scores); SD =...

Standard multiple regression analyses with the reading comprehension task as dependent variable and variables of interest.

The path models for all grades.

Note. IQ = Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (raw scores); MA = morphological awareness (including HPA = Homophone awareness; CWP = Compound word production; HGA = Homograph...

* p <. 01 after Bonferroni correction Correlation matrices between reading comprehension and the other variables in the three groups.

Note. IQ = Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (raw scores); SD = Syllable deletion; PD = Phoneme deletion; HPA = Homophone awareness; CWP = Compound word production; HGA =...

Descriptive statistics for the reading test (Maximum = 20).

Post-hoc pairwise comparisons of the four conditions.

Perinatal and performance data for the included participants and the original cohort.

Experiment-2: Demographic and behavioral performance at Time 1 and Time 2 and their correlations with the discrepancy index (DiscInd) at Time 2.

Characteristics of the study population and their overall test performance.

Region of interest analysis activated clusters for main and interaction related to reading.

Results on the univariate tests following multivariate tests.

The factorial design employing four conditions.