A–F. Cytokine levels in blood at the indicated time points post-infection were determined by using Q-PCR or Bioplex. G–H. Sera were collected from non-infected (NF) mice or...

A. Mice were injected with a 10-fold serial dilution of WNV H8912 and monitored twice daily (n = 3 per group). B–D. Viral load in blood (B), spleen (C) and kidneys (D) was...

Persistent WNV infection in spleen and kidneys.

BackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) can persist long term in the brain and kidney tissues of humans, non-human primates, and hamsters. In this study, mice were infected with WNV...

A. Mice were injected i.c. with different doses of WNV H8912 and monitored twice daily. B–C. Mouse primary cortical neuron/glia cultures were infected with WNV H8912 and its...

A. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of control non-infected (NF) mouse and two WNV H8912-infected mice kidney sections at day 84 post-infection; arrows in infected mouse kidney...

A–B. Splenocytes of WNV NY99 or H8912-infected mice at day 8 and day 35 post-primary infection were cultured ex vivo with WNV peptides for 5 h (A) or with PMA plus ionomycin (B)...