SPAM password change procedure.

Notations used in this paper.

The password change procedure of the proposed method.

Simulation environment.

The Proposed authentication procedure between the MN and the MAG.

BAN logic notations.

The authentication procedure between the MAG and the LMA.

Execution time for each operation and our scheme and other schemes.

Initial registration procedure of SPAM method.

Comparison between proposed scheme and other similar environment scheme.

MBR = MPW = MCV = 100, MCA = WBA. n ∈ {3, 9, 27}, WBA ∈ [0.1, 2], WPC ∈ [0, 20], WCT = 0.1. ⌈n/2⌉ groups of size 1 and ⌊n/2⌋ of size chosen uniformly at random from [1, ⌊n/2⌋]....

The SPAM authentication procedure between the MN and the MAG.

Notations used in SPAM scheme.