Association of selected factors with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis.

Comparison of the characteristics exhibited by symptomatic and asymptomatic participants in those diagnosed with moderate radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Comparison of the characteristics exhibited by symptomatic and asymptomatic participants in those diagnosed with severe radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Multivariate Cox regression analysis of variables according to risk of mortality in LSS and LSS with DM.

Items assessing psychological aspects implemented in the electronic diary.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c,...

Characteristics of the analyzed sample.

Comparison of length of hospital stay and medical expenses between the DM group and non-DM group in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

BackgroundLeptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, appears to play a major role in the homeostasis of body weight and psychobiological processes associated with anorexia...

Comparison of length of hospital stay and medical expenses between the surgery and non-surgery subgroups of the diabetes mellitus group.

Comparison between the characteristics in the symptomatic LSS and non-LSS group.

Diagnostic criteria for symptomatic LSS.

Ivabradine not only reduces heart rate but has other cardiac and vascular protective effects including anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Since endothelial nitric oxide...

Characteristics of the DM group (n = 3,478) and non-DM group (n = 10,820).