Search strategy.

Effect of DIR on rate of clinical outcomes, according to DIR definitions, for 20 studies reporting clinical outcomes.

Effect of DIR on rate of clinical outcomes, according to DIR definitions, for 10 studies reporting incidence data.

Summary of median magnitude of change, direction, and number of +  D Bl6 DIRs for viewpoints 1–12. Notice how only viewpoint 5 displays an increase in contact probabilities (63...

Risk of bias assessment for 20 included studies.

HBP = high blood pressure, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, HR = heart rate, WBC = white blood cell count, CR = creatinine, GDF-15 = growth...

Description of 20 included studies.