Characteristics of 11 studies included in this meta-analysis*.

SLE: systematic lupus erythematosus. AIH: autoimmune hepatitis. RA: rheumatoid arthritis. Total: total number of patients with or without ADRs. Events: number of patients with...

Total: total number of patients with or without ADRs. Events: number of patients with one or more mutant TPMT alleles (TPMT*3A, TPMT*3B and TPMT*3C) within the ADRs or no ADRs...

PurposeAzathioprine (AZA) is widely used as an immunosuppressive drug in autoimmune diseases, but its use is limited by significant adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Thiopurine...

The dotted vertical line indicates the overall OR. S.E. = standard error, OR = odds ratio. Each circle represents an eligible study.

Flowchart describing the systematic literature search and study selection process.