All of the patented pro-se applications were analyzed (N = 57) and a same number of patented represented applications were analyzed. Within each data set, the number of claims, the number of independent claims, and the average independent-claim word count were identified. Table cells show the within-data-set average of these variables. A two-sample t-test was performed for each variable to determine whether there was a significant difference between the data sets. One star after the presented percentages indicates that the un-adjusted p-value was significant to a level of p<0.05.