Seeing the unseen? Illusory causal filling in FIFA referees, players, and novices

Abstract Humans often falsely report having seen a causal link between two dynamic scenes if the second scene depicts a valid logical consequence of the initial scene. As an example, a video clip shows someone kicking a ball including the ball flying. Even if the video clip omitted the moment of contact (i.e., the causal link), participants falsely report having seen this moment. In the current study, we explored the interplay of cognitive-perceptual expertise and event perception by measuring the false-alarm rates of three groups with differing interests in football (soccer in North America) (novices, players, and FIFA referees). We used the event-completion paradigm with video footage of a real football match, presenting either complete clips or incomplete clips (i.e., with the contact moment omitted). Either a causally linked scene or an incoherent scene followed a cut in the incomplete videos. Causally linked scenes induced false recognitions in all three groups: although the ball contact moment was not presented, participants indicated that they had seen the contact as frequently when it was absent as in the complete condition. In a second experiment, we asked the novices to detect the ball contact moment when it was either visible or not and when it was either followed by a causally or non-causally linked scene. Here, instead of presenting pictures of the clip, the participants were give a two-alternative forced-choice task: “Yes, contact was visible”, or “No, contact was not visible”. The results of Experiment 1 indicate that conceptual interpretations of simple events are independent of expertise: there were no top-down effects on perception. Participants in Experiment 2 detected the ball contact moment significantly more often correctly in the non-causal than in the causal conditions, indicating that the effect observed in Experiment 1 was not due to a possibly influential design (e.g., inducing a false memory for the presented pictures). The theoretical as well as the practical implications are discussed.

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PID https://www.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3626513.v1
PID https://www.doi.org/10.15496/publikation-28656
PID https://www.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3626513
URL http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3626513
URL http://dx.doi.org/10.15496/publikation-28656
URL http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3626513.v1
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Author Brockhoff, Alisa
Author Huff, Markus
Author Maurer, Annika
Author Papenmeier, Frank
Contributor University, My
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Collected From Datacite
Hosted By figshare
Publication Date 2016-01-01
Publisher Figshare
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Language UNKNOWN
Resource Type Collection; Other ORP type
keyword FOS: Sociology
keyword FOS: Health sciences
system:type other
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Source https://science-innovation-policy.openaire.eu/search/other?orpId=dedup_wf_001::fe57fe31827875eceaf6ac76305c7325
Author jsonws_user
Last Updated 19 December 2020, 10:55 (CET)
Created 19 December 2020, 10:55 (CET)