Longitudinal estimation of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in relation to malaria prevention measures in six sub-Saharan African countries

Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR) is a widely used metric for assessing malaria transmission intensity. This study was carried out concurrently with the RTS,S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine Phase III trial and estimated PfPR over ≤ 4 standardized cross-sectional surveys. Methods This epidemiology study (NCT01190202) was conducted in 8 sites from 6 countries (Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania), between March 2011 and December 2013. Participants were enrolled in a 2:1:1 ratio according to age category: 6 months–4 years, 5–19 years, and ≥ 20 years, respectively, per year and per centre. All sites carried out surveys 1–3 while survey 4 was conducted only in 3 sites. Surveys were usually performed during the peak malaria parasite transmission season, in one home visit, when medical history and malaria risk factors/prevention measures were collected, and a blood sample taken for rapid diagnostic test, microscopy, and haemoglobin measurement. PfPR was estimated by site and age category. Results Overall, 6401 (survey 1), 6411 (survey 2), 6400 (survey 3), and 2399 (survey 4) individuals were included in the analyses. In the 6 months–4 years age group, the lowest prevalence (assessed using microscopy) was observed in 2 Tanzanian centres (4.6% for Korogwe and 9.95% for Bagamoyo) and Lambaréné, Gabon (6.0%), while the highest PfPR was recorded for Nanoro, Burkina Faso (52.5%). PfPR significantly decreased over the 3 years in Agogo (Ghana), Kombewa (Kenya), Lilongwe (Malawi), and Bagamoyo (Tanzania), and a trend for increased PfPR was observed over the 4 surveys for Kintampo, Ghana. Over the 4 surveys, for all sites, PfPR was predominantly higher in the 5–19 years group than in the other age categories. Occurrence of fever and anaemia was associated with high P. falciparum parasitaemia. Univariate analyses showed a significant association of anti-malarial treatment in 4 surveys (odds ratios [ORs]: 0.52, 0.52, 0.68, 0.41) and bed net use in 2 surveys (ORs: 0.63, 0.68, 1.03, 1.78) with lower risk of malaria infection. Conclusion Local PfPR differed substantially between sites and age groups. In children 6 months–4 years old, a significant decrease in prevalence over the 3 years was observed in 4 out of the 8 study sites. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT01190202:NCT. GSK Study ID numbers: 114001

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PID https://www.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3915967.v1
PID https://www.doi.org/10.15496/publikation-29203
PID https://www.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3915967
URL http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3915967
URL http://dx.doi.org/10.15496/publikation-29203
URL http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3915967.v1
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Author Drakeley, Chris
Author Abdulla, Salim
Author Selidji Agnandji
Author Fernandes, José
Author Kremsner, Peter
Author Lell, Bertrand
Author Mewono, Ludovic
Author Bache Bache
Author Mihayo, Michael
Author Juma, Omar
Author Tanner, Marcel
Author Tahita, Marc
Author Halidou Tinto
Author Salou Diallo
Author Palpouguini Lompo
Author D’Alessandro, Umberto
Author Bernhards Ogutu
Author Otieno, Lucas
Author Otieno, Solomon
Author Otieno, Walter
Author Oyieko, Janet
Author Kwaku Asante
Author Dery, Dominic
Author Adjei, George
Author Adeniji, Elisha
Author Atibilla, Dorcas
Author Owusu-Agyei, Seth
Author Greenwood, Brian
Author Gesase, Samwel
Author Lusingu, John
Author Mahende, Coline
Author Mongi, Robert
Author Method Segeja
Author Adjei, Samuel
Author Tsiri Agbenyega
Author Agyekum, Alex
Author Ansong, Daniel
Author Bawa, John
Author Boateng, Harry
Author Dandalo, Léonard
Author Escamilla, Veronica
Author Hoffman, Irving
Author Maenje, Peter
Author Martinson, Francis
Author Carter, Terrell
Author Leboulleux, Didier
Author Kaslow, David
Author Effua Usuf
Author Jean-Yves Pirçon
Author Bahmanyar, Edith
Contributor University, My
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Hosted By figshare
Publication Date 2017-01-01
Publisher Figshare
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Language UNKNOWN
Resource Type Collection; Other ORP type
keyword FOS: Health sciences
system:type other
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Source https://science-innovation-policy.openaire.eu/search/other?orpId=dedup_wf_001::e40751e67d5a5f15ca632c3ce2fe5b9f
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Last Updated 19 December 2020, 14:17 (CET)
Created 19 December 2020, 14:17 (CET)