Opportunistic Visitors: Long-Term Behavioural Response of Bull Sharks to Food Provisioning in Fiji

Shark-based tourism that uses bait to reliably attract certain species to specific sites so that divers can view them is a growing industry globally, but remains a controversial issue. We evaluate multi-year (2004–2011) underwater visual (n = 48 individuals) and acoustic tracking data (n = 82 transmitters; array of up to 16 receivers) of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas from a long-term shark feeding site at the Shark Reef Marine Reserve and reefs along the Beqa Channel on the southern coast of Viti Levu, Fiji. Individual C. leucas showed varying degrees of site fidelity. Determined from acoustic tagging, the majority of C. leucas had site fidelity indexes >0.5 for the marine reserve (including the feeding site) and neighbouring reefs. However, during the time of the day (09:00–12:00) when feeding takes place, sharks mainly had site fidelity indexes <0.5 for the feeding site, regardless of feeding or non-feeding days. Site fidelity indexes determined by direct diver observation of sharks at the feeding site were lower compared to such values determined by acoustic tagging. The overall pattern for C. leucas is that, if present in the area, they are attracted to the feeding site regardless of whether feeding or non-feeding days, but they remain for longer periods of time (consecutive hours) on feeding days. The overall diel patterns in movement are for C. leucas to use the area around the feeding site in the morning before spreading out over Shark Reef throughout the day and dispersing over the entire array at night. Both focal observation and acoustic monitoring show that C. leucas intermittently leave the area for a few consecutive days throughout the year, and for longer time periods (weeks to months) at the end of the calendar year before returning to the feeding site.

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PID https://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058522
PID pmid:23516496
PID pmc:PMC3596312
URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058522
URL http://dro.deakin.edu.au/eserv/DU:30052665/barnett-opportunisticvisitors-2013.pdf
URL http://ecite.utas.edu.au/116704
URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3596312/
URL https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20133166577
URL https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/34292/
URL https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/34292/1/34292%20Brunnschweiler%20and%20Barnett%202013.pdf
URL https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058522
URL http://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30052665
URL https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2019894908
URL https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058522&type=printable
URL http://ecite.utas.edu.au/116704/1/Barnett%20et%20al%202013.PDF
URL http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3596312?pdf=render
URL http://core.ac.uk/display/32272863
URL https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203
URL https://paperity.org/p/61007600/opportunistic-visitors-long-term-behavioural-response-of-bull-sharks-to-food-provisioning
URL http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058522
URL http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3596312
URL http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058522
URL https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058522
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Access Right Open Access
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Author Juerg Brunnschweiler, 0000-0002-9901-3279
Author Adam null, 0000-0001-7430-8428
Contributor Browman, Howard
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Collected From Europe PubMed Central; PubMed Central; ORCID; UnpayWall; Datacite; DOAJ-Articles; OpenAIRE; Crossref; Microsoft Academic Graph
Hosted By Europe PubMed Central; PLoS ONE
Journal PLoS ONE, 8, null
Publication Date 2013-03-13
Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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Resource Type Other literature type; Article; UNKNOWN
keyword Q
keyword R
keyword keywords.General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
system:type publication
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Source https://science-innovation-policy.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=dedup_wf_001::648c99a7b52e09d6905364c231909319
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Last Updated 25 December 2020, 01:29 (CET)
Created 25 December 2020, 01:29 (CET)